? Online ISO dialect interpreterIn general, part programs for SINUMERIK controls are programmed according to DIN 66025 and relevant expansions. Part programs created according to the ISO standard (e.g. G codes from other manufacturers) can be read in, edited and executed on SINUMERIK controls using the online ISO dialect interpreter. Operating modesThree modes can be selected in the Machine operating area:
In the MDI and AUTOMATIC operating modes, the sequence of a program can be modified using the following program control functions:
Operating software languages (option N00)The operating software supports the following languages as standard for user interface display texts: English, French, German, Italian, Simplified Chinese, and Spanish. The operator can switch back and forth online between foreground and background languages. Further additional languages can be ordered with option N00. Operator control without SINUMERIK operator panel (option P00)Operation of SINUMERIK via the VNC viewer requires a confirmation on the SINUMERIK operator panel that operation is now permitted via the VNC viewer. When a SINUMERIK operator panel is not used, this option can be used to suppress scanning of the confirmation. Oscillation functions (option M34)
Oscillation functions With this function, an axis oscillates at the programmed feedrate between 2 reversal points. A possible application is a grinding machine. Asynchronous oscillation across block boundaries Several reciprocating axes may be active. During reciprocating movement, other axes can interpolate at will. The reciprocating axis can be the input axis for the dynamic transformation or the guide axis for gantry or coupled-motion axes. Block-related oscillation
Behavior of the reciprocating axis in the reversal point:
The spindles can also perform reciprocating movement. Pair of synchronized axes (gantry axes) (option M02)
Gantry axes (pair of synchronized axes X/X1) The gantry axes function can be used to traverse the axes of up to 3 pairs of mechanically-coupled axes simultaneously without mechanical offset. The actual values are continuously compared and even the smallest deviations corrected. During both operation and programming, the axes defined in a gantry grouping are treated like machine axes. A gantry grouping consists of a guide axis and up to 2 synchronized axes. 2 guide axes can be coupled using curve table interpolation. Path length evaluation (option M53)> Synchronized actions With path length evaluation, data in the CNC can be buffered so that conclusions can be drawn with respect to the maintenance state of the machine. In the first stage, the following data are acquired:
These data are stored in the SRAM and are not affected by power on/off. Using an external utility, consistent data can, therefore, be achieved for the complete life cycle of a machine. These data can also be read through system variables in the part program and in synchronized actions. Path-velocity-dependent analog output (option M37)Using the path-velocity-dependent analog output, the current path velocity can be output in the interpolation cycle via a SIMATIC DP ET 200 analog module. The function is programmed via synchronized actions. One application is laser power control. Plain text display of user variables> High-level CNC language In addition to the predefined variables, programmers can define their own variables and assign values to them. The variables are displayed in plain text format, e.g. definition: DEF INT NUMBER/Display: NUMBER or definition: DEF REAL DEPTH/Display: DEPTH. Plastics package IME (option S40)Plastic parts can be produced quickly and easily with the support of the IME plastics package. The option includes:
No spindle functions or tool offsets are available when option S40 is active. PLCSIMATIC STEP 7 The PLC on the SINUMERIK is programmed using the user-friendly SIMATIC STEP 7 software. The STEP 7 programming software is based on the Windows operating system, and contains the proven STEP 5 programming functions. The STL (statement list), FBD (function block diagram), and LAD (ladder diagram) programming languages are available. The user can switch from one to the other using STEP 7 pull-down menus. The following blocks are available for structured programming:
In addition, system function blocks (SFBs) and system functions (SFCs) integrated in the operating system can also be called. The STEP 7 software package (for SIMATIC S7-300) is a standard component of SIMATIC programming devices (e.g. Field PG). A software package for standard industrial PCs is also available. The PLC can also be programmed in other SIMATIC S7 high-level languages, such as S7 HiGraph and S7 Graph. PLC/NCK interface A number of functions can be executed via the NCK and PLC interface, ensuring excellent machining flexibility. Some of these are:
The PLC basic program, which is part of the toolbox, organizes the exchange of signals and data between the PLC user program and the NCK, PCU and machine control panel areas. In the case of signals and data, a distinction is made between the following groups:
PLC programming with HiGraphThe HiGraph method is used for describing technical systems and converting these descriptions into PLC programs. With HiGraph, a machine or plant is seen as a combination of separate functional units. These functional units can be made up of basic mechanical and electrical elements. The HiGraph method is used in the automation of machines and plant where mechanical movements and time sequences take priority, e.g. on machine tools, transfer lines, conveyor, and transportation systems. The HiGraph method can be used:
Advantages of the HiGraph method:
PLC statusIn its "diagnostics" operating panel area, the user can check and modify PLC status signals. This allows you to do the following on site without a programming device:
The status of the following data items can be displayed separately on the operator panel:
The status of the above signals can be changed for tests. Signal combinations are also possible, and as many as 10 addresses can be modified simultaneously. PLC user memoryIn the PLC user memory of the PLC CPU, the PLC user program and the user data are stored together with the PLC basic program. The memory of the PLC CPU is divided up into load memory, work memory and system memory. Load memory is retentive, and takes the form of either integrated RAM or a RAM module (plug-in memory card). It contains data and program and decompiling information. The load memory and the high-speed work memory for execution-relevant program tests provide sufficient space for user programs. Polar coordinatesProgramming in polar coordinates, it is possible to define positions with reference to a defined center point by specifying the radius and angle. The center point can be defined by an absolute dimension or incremental dimension. Polynomial interpolation (option M18)
Polynomial interpolation Curves can be interpolated using polynomial interpolation, whereby the CNC axes follow the function: f(p) = a0 + a1p + a2p2 + a3p3 + a4p4 + a5p5 (polynomial, max. 5th degree) The coefficient a0 is the end point of the previous block, a1 is calculated as the end point of the current block, a2, a3, a4, and a5 must be calculated externally and then programmed. With polynomial interpolation, it is possible to generate many different curve characteristics, such as straight line, parabolic and exponential functions. Polynomial interpolation primarily serves as an interface for programming externally generated spline curves. 5th degree polynomials can be used optimally if the coefficients are obtained directly from a CAD/CAM system (closer to the surface). A prerequisite for efficient utilization of this polynomial interpolation is, therefore, a corresponding CAD/CAM system. Tool radius compensation can be used as in linear and circular interpolation. Position monitoringSINUMERIK controls provide extensive monitoring mechanisms for axis monitoring:
Position monitoring is always activated after termination of motion blocks according to the setpoint. To ensure that an axis is in position within a specified period of time, the timer configured in the machine data is started when a traversing block terminates; when the timer expires, a check is made to ascertain whether the following error fell below the limit value (machine data). When the specified fine exact stop limit has been reached or following output of a new position setpoint other than zero (e.g. after positioning to coarse exact stop and subsequent block change), position monitoring is deactivated and replaced by standstill monitoring. Position monitoring is effective for linear and rotary axes as well as for position-controlled spindles. In follow-up mode, position monitoring is not active. Position switching signals/cam controller (option M07)> High-speed CNC inputs/outputs Position-dependent interface signals for the PLC can be set using position switching signals. The position values at which the signal output and a derivative action/hold up time are to be set can be programmed in the part program and entered via the setting data. The function can be controlled via the PLC. The function is used for applications such as activating protection areas or position-dependent triggering of movements (e.g. hydraulic reciprocating axes during grinding). Although position switching signals are output in the IPO cycle, they can also be output as switching outputs in the position-control cycle using the high-speed CNC inputs/outputs function. Positioning axes/auxiliary spindles (options B01 to B26)Positioning axes can execute movements simultaneously with machining, thus reducing non-productive times considerably. They can be used to advantage when controlling workpiece and tool feeders or tool magazines. They can be programmed with an axis-specific feedrate in the part program. Axis movement beyond block boundaries is also possible. Positioning axes can also be controlled by the PLC. This means that axis movements can be started independently of the part program without using up an additional machining channel. Auxiliary spindles are speed-controlled spindle drives without an actual-position sensor, e.g. for tool drives. Overview of possible functions:
An additional positioning axis/auxiliary spindle cannot interpolate with other axes. Unavailable functions:
Positioning axes/spindles via synchronized actionsYou can position axes/spindles depending on conditions (the actual values of other axes, high-speed inputs, etc.) with a special feedrate or speed to a specific setpoint via synchronized actions. Synchronized actions are executed in the interpolation cycle, are carried out in parallel with the actual workpiece machining procedure, and are not limited to CNC block boundaries. These so-called command axes and command spindles can be started in the IPO cycle direct from the main program. The path to be traversed is either predefined or is calculated from real-time variables (with expanded arithmetic functions) in the IPO cycle. Spindles can be started, stopped or positioned asynchronously depending on input signals without PLC intervention. PresetThe machine zero point can be redefined in the machine coordinate system by means of the Preset function. The preset values affect machine axes. Axes do not move when Preset is active, but a new position value is entered for the current axis positions. Once the actual values have been reset, a new reference point approach is required before protection areas and software limit switches can be reactivated. PROFIBUS tool and process monitoring (option M62)Spotting errors before they happen. Guided by this principle, our SINUMERIK controls provide facilities for monitoring tools and processes. Active power monitoring keeps an eye on such things as breakage, wear and missing tools. Precise operating status recognition and process optimization are also possible. Using the PROFIBUS tool and process monitoring function, the digital drive data for torque, active power and actual current are directly transferred to a special PROFIBUS slave module via the PROFIBUS DP interface. This hardware and the software for evaluation is offered, for example, by SINUMERIK Solution Partners. Up to 2 PROFIBUS slaves can be connected. PROFINETPROFINET is the open Industrial Ethernet standard of PROFIBUS International for automation systems. PROFINET is based on Industrial Ethernet and uses TCP/IP and IT standards. Two versions are available:
PROFINET is supported by PROFIBUS International and the INTERBUS Club and has been included in standards IEC 61158 and IEC 61784 since 2003. PROFINET includes:
PROFINET CBAPROFINET CBA is an automation system for plants with distributed intelligence. The key characteristics of this model inspired by standard IEC 61499 are therefore:
A PROFINET CBA system therefore always comprises a variety of intelligent automation devices (components). A component includes all mechanical, electrical and IT variables (PLC program). Each individual component is created with its own manufacturer-specific, standard programming tools. A graphical, vendor-independent component connection editor (iMAP) is available for linking individual components to the higher-level system, i.e. for engineering the system as a whole. In this context, "engineering" means:
A standardized PROFINET Component Description (PCD) file is created in XML to describe a component. The component connection editor loads these descriptions and uses them to set up logical connections between individual components. A PROFINET component always consists of:
The ACCO (Active Control Connection Object) functions as a consumer and provider and is the heart of the communication system. The RT-Auto includes the technological functionality, i.e. the executable program. PROFINET IOA PROFINET IO system comprises the following devices:
PROFINET IO provides protocol definitions for the following functions:
An application relation (AR) is formed between an IO controller and an IO device. The communication relations, diagnostic options and potential useful data exchange are determined by the communication view. Communication relations (CR) with varying properties are specified for the transfer of parameters, cyclical data communication and alarm handling based on this AR. Communication channels are set up to handle the data exchange between each IO controller and the IO device. It is possible to form more than one application relation between different devices. Isochronous drive controls can be implemented with PROFINET IO and the PROFIdrive profile for motion control applications. In the GSD file, the device manufacturer must exactly describe how the device functions are specifically mapped on the PROFINET IO model, i.e. the properties of the IO device. GSDML (GSD Markup Language), an XML-based language, is used for this purpose. The GSD file is read in by the engineering tool and forms the basis for planning the configuration of a PROFINET IO system. Program preprocessing (option M00)The execution time of a CNC program is reduced considerably by preprocessing cycles. The programs in the directories for standard and user cycles are preprocessed at "power on" with set machine data. In particular in the case of programs containing sections written in a high-level language and in the case of calculation-intensive programs, e.g. programs containing check structures, motion-synchronized actions or cutting cycles, execution times can be reduced by up to 1/3. ProgramGUIDE> SINUMERIK Operate Runtime license OA Easy Screen The ProgramGUIDE with Animated Elements and Cursor Text provides perfect support for integrating the cycles into part programs. You can define a number of softkeys, input fields and displays yourself using the Easy Screen function. Programmable accelerationWith the "programmable acceleration" function, it is possible to modify the axis acceleration in the program in order to limit mechanical vibrations in critical program sections. The path or positioning axis is then accelerated at the programmed value. The acceleration value set in the machine data can be exceeded by up to 100 %. This limitation is active in AUTOMATIC mode and in all interpolation modes. As part of intelligent motion control, this function provides a more precise workpiece surface. Programming languageThe CNC programming language is based on DIN 66025. The new functions of the CNC high-level language also contain macro definitions (combined sequences of instructions). Protection areas 2D/3D
Protection areas Protection areas allow you to protect various elements on the machine and its equipment, as well as the workpiece to be created from incorrect movements. Some of the elements that can be protected are, for example:
For the elements to be protected, 2D or 3D protection areas are defined in the part program or via system variables. These protection areas can be activated and deactivated in the part program. Protection areas must always be divided into workpiece-related and tool-related areas. During machining in JOG, MDI or AUTOMATIC mode, a check is always made to see whether the tool (or its protection areas) violate the protection areas of the workpiece. Monitoring of the protection areas is channel-based, that is, all active protection areas for a channel are mutually monitored for collisions (protection areas not channel-specific with NCU system software for 2/6 axes). A maximum of 10 protection areas and 10 contour elements are available for describing a protection area. Punching/nibbling (option M33)The punching/nibbling functions are implemented essentially via the language commands, stroke control and automatic path division.
Quadrant error compensation
Quadrant transitions without compensation 
Quadrant transitions with quadrant error compensation Quadrant error compensation (also referred to as friction compensation) ensures a much higher degree of contour precision, particularly when machining circular contours. At the quadrant transitions, one axis traverses at the maximum path velocity while the 2nd axis is stationary. The different friction conditions can cause contour errors. Quadrant error compensation virtually eliminates this problem and produces excellent results, without contour errors, in the very first machining operation. In operator-controlled quadrant error compensation, the intensity of the compensation pulse can be set according to an acceleration-based characteristic. This characteristic is determined and parameterized on startup with the aid of the circularity test. During the circularity test, deviations of the actual position from the programmed radius (particularly at the quadrant transitions) are recorded by measurement and graphically represented while the circular contour is being retracted. Reference point approachWhen using a machine axis in program-controlled mode, it is important to ensure that the actual values supplied by the measuring system agree with the machine coordinate values. Reference point approach (limit switch) is performed separately for each axis at a defined velocity either using the direction keys, in a sequence that can be defined in the machine data, or automatically via program command G74. If length measuring systems with distance-coded reference marks are used, reference point approach is shorter, as it is necessary to approach only the nearest reference mark. Reference point approach of an axis with absolute-value encoders is carried out automatically when the control is switched on (without movement of axis), if the corresponding axis is recognized as being calibrated. ReposFollowing a program interruption in AUTOMATIC mode (e.g. to take a measurement on the workpiece and correct the tool wear values or because of tool breakage), the tool can be retracted from the contour manually after changing to JOG mode. In this case, the control stores the interruption point coordinates and displays the differential travel of the axes in JOG mode in the actual-value window as a Repos (repositioning) offset. The contour can be reapproached:
Representation (2D) of 3D protection areas/working areas> Working area limitation; protection areas You can use protection areas to protect various elements on the machine, their components and the workpiece against incorrect movements. The 3-dimensionally programmed protection areas are displayed in 2D. This also applies to the programmed working area limitations. Residual material detection (option P13)Contour ranges which cannot be machined with large tools are automatically recognized by the cycle for contour pockets or the stock removal cycle. The operator can rework these regions using a smaller tool. Contour turning offers:
Contour milling offers:
Rotary axis, turning endlesslyDepending on the application, the working area of a rotary axis can be limited via a software switch (e.g. working area between 0° and 60°) or to a corresponding number of rotations (e.g. 1000°), or it can be unlimited (endlessly turning in both directions). This function can also be used with absolute-value encoders. Safety IntegratedSINUMERIK Safety Integrated are integrated safety functions that support the implementation of highly effective personnel and machine protection. The safety functions meet the requirements of DIN EN 61508 for use up to and including SIL2 and Category 3, and PL d according to DIN EN ISO 13849. This allows the main requirements for functional safety to be implemented easily and cost-effectively. Available functions include, among others:
Safety Integrated (option M63)SI Basic function package (incl. 1 axis/spindle, up to 4 SPL I/Os) for one NCU Safety Integrated (option M64)SI Comfort function package (incl. 1 axis/spindle, up to 64 SPL I/Os) for one NCU Safety Integrated axis/spindle package, additional 15 axes/spindles (options C61 and C62)Additional 15 SI axes/spindles Safety Integrated axis/spindle, additional axis/spindle (options C71 to C78)One additional SI axis/spindle Sag compensation, multi-dimensional (option M55)
Example: Sag compensation Multidimensional compensation is also possible for the effects of physical influences and manufacturing tolerances such as sag or leadscrew pitch errors. The compensation tables can be switched from the PLC. When the reference axis and the compensating axis are identical, leadscrew pitch errors can be compensated. By transferring weighting factors (PLC interface), stored compensating characteristics can be adapted to different conditions (e.g. tools). The most important features of interpolation and compensation using tables are as follows:
Functional restrictions for export versions: Scratching, determining work offsetA work offset can also be determined through scratching, taking into consideration an (active) tool and, where applicable, the base offset, by moving the axis to the workpiece and entering the desired setpoint position (e.g. 0); the controller then calculates the work offset. Screen blankingWhen screen blanking is activated, both the screen and backlighting of the operator panel go blank under PLC control or after a programmable period of time has elapsed. This increases the service life of the screens. Separate path feed for corners and chamfersTo optimize solutions for machining tasks, a separate path feed can be programmed with FRCM (modal) or FRC (non-modal) for the corner and chamfer contour elements. Feed reduction thus makes it possible to achieve the desired geometrically precise definition of corners and chamfers. Series startupFiles called series startup files can be generated to enable transfer of a particular configuration, in its entirety, to other controls that use the exact same software version, for example, controls that are to be used for the same machines. Series startup means bringing a series of control systems to the same initial state as regards their data. You can archive/read selected CNC, PLC and PCU data for series startup. Compensation data can be optionally saved. The drive data are stored as binary data, and cannot be modified. Series startups can even be performed readily and easily without a programming device. Simply create a startup file in the PCU, save it on a PC card in the control, insert this card in the next control, and begin the series startup procedure. Series startups can also be performed via a network drive or a USB stick. Set actual valueThe "Set actual value" function is provided as an alternative to the "Preset" function: To use this function, the control must be in the workpiece coordination system (WCS). With "Set actual value", the workpiece coordinate system is set to a defined actual coordinate and the resulting offset between the previous and a newly entered actual value computed in the WCS as 1st basic offset. The reference points remain unchanged. Setpoint exchange (option M05)Setpoint exchange is used on milling machines with special milling heads on which, for example, the spindle motor is used both for driving the tool and for orientation of the milling head. In this case, the spindle and the milling head axes are defined as independent axes in the control, but are traversed only in succession by one motor. It is possible to connect up to 4 axes to one motor. The axes, which the setpoint switches between, can be assigned to different channels or mode groups. ShopMill (CNC SW version 1.x)ShopMill uses SINUMERIK's high computing performance for intelligent simplification of milling operations programming. It also acknowledges the fact that solving complex tasks (e.g. 3D surface sections) is reserved for appropriate CAD/CAM software. Particularly importance has therefore been attached to achieving easy programming of simple workpieces which account for the majority of parts for machining.
ShopMill/ShopTurn (option P17)The ShopMill/ShopTurn option includes the machining step programming function: Machining step programming Processes such as drilling, centering, plunging or pocket milling are represented as machining steps in a simple and clear manner. In this way, part programs – even for complex machining operations – are very compact and easily read. Associated sequences are automatically interlinked and can be assigned any position patterns. This unique programming convenience allows you to achieve the shortest programming times even for highly demanding machining tasks. 
ShopTurn (CNC SW version 1.x)ShopTurn contains a simulation for the created program for horizontal turning machines. The simulation for machining on vertical turning machines is displayed horizontally. A differentiation is made with ShopTurn between simulation (simulation prior to machining) and simultaneous recording (real-time simulation during workpiece machining). Machining with the tool cutting edge is displayed in both cases: the required data are obtained from the tool list making separate input of tool data for the simulation superfluous. Reading the tool data directly from the CNC memory ensures that current data are used. The machining time is displayed in both simulation modes. The dimensions of the blank are entered in the ShopTurn program header. If DIN/ISO programs are simulated, the blank is not displayed. The ShopTurn simulation offers various display modes which can be selected using softkeys:
Simulation (HMI Advanced/HMI Embedded)Simulation is supported by an autonomous program interpreter and a separate simulation data environment at HMI level. The simulation interpreter extensively considers the complete syntax of the SINUMERIK range of controls, including the possibility of incorporating special user options on the machine by comparing data with the NCK environment. The simulation data can be matched statically as required with the NCK environment (initialization data, macros, user data, tool data, machining cycles) or also dynamically when tool data or machining cycles are changed. Machining simulations, with emphasis on drilling/milling and turning technologies, can be executed on the control's HMI in the workpiece coordinate system for certain machine kinematics depending on the active operating software and its versions. Simulation (HMI Advanced) 
Simulation drilling/turning with HMI Advanced 
Simulation of turning with HMI Advanced
In this manner, the simulation results of several part programs in succession can be superimposed in a complete representation on the same blank (e.g. starting from preformed blanks, for multiface machining when milling, multi-slide and multi-spindle machining when turning, etc.). The finished part is ultimately produced from the sequential interaction of all the individually simulated part programs. For turning, input of a length offset for rear-side machining with mirrored tools is possible, as well as input of CNC keywords for dynamic spindle changeover, e.g. for main spindle and counterspindle operation. Visualization of the simulation can be customized using parameterization screens in many areas. Graphics can be observed in various views and sections, in zoom representations, or in several windows simultaneously. Note: Simulation (HMI Embedded) (CNC SW version 1.x)
Simulation (SINUMERIK Operate)Simulation is supported by an autonomous program interpreter (SNCK) and a separate simulation-data environment in SINUMERIK Operate. The SNCK considers the entire syntax of the SINUMERIK controller family, including the possibility of incorporating special user options on the machine by comparing data with the NCK environment. The simulation data can be matched statically as required with the NCK environment (initialization data, macros, user data, tool data, machining cycles) or also dynamically when tool data or machining cycles are changed. Machining simulations, with the emphasis on drilling, milling and turning technologies, can be performed in the workpiece coordinate system for certain machine kinematics on the user interface of the controller: simulation of the finished part is performed with the real CNC data. The CNC data are automatically matched at each change of the part program.
3D simulation 1 (option P25)In addition, the simulation can be extended to 3D representation. This extension also applies to the simultaneous recording. 
Turning/milling simulation 
Milling simulation 
Quickview for mold making part programs Notes:
Simultaneous recording (options P23 and P24)The tool paths can be simultaneously recorded on the control screen in 3-side or 3D view while machining. Workpiece graphics and views correspond to the graphic simulation. Simultaneous recording with SINUMERIK Operate (option P22)> SINUMERIK Operate The tool paths can be simultaneously recorded on the control screen in 3-side or 3D view while machining. Workpiece graphics and views correspond to the graphic simulation. Note: SINUMERIK MDynamicsTechnology packages for 3-axis and 5-axis milling. The MDynamics function ensures perfect surfaces through innovative motion control and an optimized CNC data compressor, rapid adaptation to the workpiece, tool and program handling, optimum machining thanks to the flexible programming of programGuide and ShopMill and consequently very short programming times.
SINUMERIK Operate programming package/SINUMERIK Operate Runtime license OA Programming (option P60)The SINUMERIK Operate programming package allows SINUMERIK users to design their own user interfaces for the purpose of displaying either machine-manufacturer or end-user-specific functional expansions or simply their own screen form layouts. User interfaces programmed by Siemens or other machine manufacturers can be modified or replaced. This function is realized in a high-level language development environment based on C++/QT that can generate a platform-independent execution code for Windows XP (SINUMERIK PCU 50.3) and Linux (NCU). The screen forms are created platform-independently in the development environment. The compiled program parts are transferred to the corresponding user directories of the PCU 50.3 or NCU. Configuring examples for new screen forms, which can also be used as the basis for the user's own new screen forms, can be found on the product DVD of the SINUMERIK Operate programming package. The following functions can be implemented with the SINUMERIK Operate programming package:
The SINUMERIK Operate Runtime license OA Programming (option P60) is required to run the programmed user screens. SINUMERIK Operate Runtime license OA Easy Screen (option P64)The Easy Screen functionality allows SINUMERIK users to design their own user interfaces for the purpose of displaying either machine-manufacturer or end-user-specific functional expansions or simply their own screen form layouts. User interfaces configured by Siemens or other machine manufacturers can be modified or replaced. This function is implemented via an integrated interpreter and via configuring files containing the description of the user interface. The screen forms can be designed directly on the control itself. A graphic tool is required to create graphics and pictures. Part programs can be processed with newly created user interfaces. Configuring examples for new screen forms, which can also be used as the basis for the user's own new screen forms, can be found in the supplied toolbox. The following functions can be implemented using Easy Screen:
The user interface can be expanded even in the basic version by up to 5 screen forms via predefined softkeys with the integrated editor. More than 5 screen forms with Operate Runtime license OA Easy Screen (option P64). Skip blocksCNC blocks that are not to be executed in every program run, e.g. execute a trial program run, can be skipped. Skip blocks are identified by placing a "/" character in front of the block number. The instructions in the skip blocks are not executed and the program resumes with the next block that is not skipped. As many as eight skip levels (/0 to/7) may be programmed. The individual skip levels are activated via a data block in the PLC interface. Space error compensation for kinematic transformations (option M57)Space error compensation (SEC) is a method for compensating static position errors at the tool center point (TCP). In this way, these position errors can be compensated in the 3 directions in space X, Y and Z simultaneously. Measuring instruments are required for determining the error that allow the 3 coordinates of a measuring point to be recorded simultaneously at multiple points distributed in a grid pattern throughout the working area (e.g. a 3D laser tracker). The SINUMERIK control can then use the resulting 3D error table to compensate each positioning window in real time. Spatial compensation, VCS A3 (option N15)This option implements compensation on machines with 3 linear axes in cases where the tool orientation is fixed and the tool lengths are effective in parallel to the coordinates of the linear axes. Gantry axes can also be active in parallel to the 3 linear axes. The compile cycle supports a maximum of 3 gantry groups per channel; the compensation value of the guide axis is automatically copied to the following axis. Spatial compensation, VCS A5 (option N16)This option implements compensation on 5-axis machines in cases where the tool can be freely oriented relative to the workpiece using 2 rotary axes. Compensation of the measured errors of the linear axes is computed with reference to the tool center point as a function of the current position of the tool. The orientation error of the tool is not compensated. The machine kinematics can be implemented as pure "head kinematics", or as "table kinematics" with both swivel axes in the table, or as mixed kinematics with one swivel axis in the table (generic transformation types 24, 40 and 56). Spatial compensation, VCS A5 plus (option N17)VCS plus is designed for use on large machines (3-axis and 5-axis gantry milling machines). The requirements for positioning accuracy of these machines in the complete work space (= volumetric accuracy) increases constantly and is specified in individual cases as < 50 µm. The compile cycle VCS A5 plus implements volumetric compensation of all 21 aspects of freedom from errors that the 3 basic axes of a Cartesian machine tool can demonstrate (per axis: linearity, 2 degrees of error, rolling, pitching, swerving as well as deviations from the perpendicular between axes). These geometrical machine errors cause offsetting of the tool center point and an orientation error in the tool. On a 5-axis machine, the tool center point and the orientation error of the tool are compensated with VCS A5 plus with TRAORI active. In comparison to LEC (leadscrew error compensation) and CEC (circle error compensation), VCS A5 plus supports the total compensation of the geometric errors of a Cartesian machine tool. The existing LEC and CEC settings can be superimposed on VCS A5 plus. The geometric error of a machine tool is measured with external laser-based instruments that determine these errors as effectively as possible. The measured results are supplied to the SINUMERIK as a file in the specified readable VCS format. Measurement of the machine error is the responsibility of the OEM or machine operator. Several SINUMERIK Solution Partners offer support and measurement as a service and they can generate the machine-specific VCS files necessary for VCS. Spindle functionsSpindle modes are:
Functions of the spindle modes:
1) Prerequisite: actual-position sensor (measuring system) with corresponding resolution (mounted directly on the spindle). Spindle speed limitation> Spindle functions Spline interpolation (option)
Using spline interpolation, it is possible to obtain a very smooth curve from just a few defined interpolation points along a set contour. The intermediate points are connected by polynomials. The compressor converts linear motions (e.g. from CAD) at block transitions to splines of constant speed (COMPON) or splines of constant acceleration (COMPCURV). This yields soft transitions that reduce wear on the mechanical parts of the machine tool. However, if the intermediate points are placed close together, quite sharp edges can also be programmed. Spline interpolation also considerably reduces the number of program blocks required. Extremely smooth workpiece surfaces are often very important in mold and tool making, both optically and technologically, e.g. for rubber gaskets. Tool radius compensation is also possible in spline interpolation, as it is in linear or circular interpolation. Every polynomial can represent a spline. Only the algorithm determines the type of spline.
With the COMPCAD compressor, smooth curves of this kind can be approximated within the boundaries of compressor tolerance (parallel tool paths) so that surfaces of a high optical quality can also be obtained in the case of increased tolerances. Spline interpolation for 3-axis machining is suitable for simple applications and for the JobShop area. Standstill monitoring> Position monitoring Standstill monitoring represents one of the most comprehensive mechanisms for monitoring axes. The monitor checks to see whether the following error has reached the standstill tolerance limit following the elapse of a programmable time period. Upon termination of a positioning action, standstill monitoring takes over from position monitoring, and checks to see whether the axis moves further from its position than stipulated in the machine data's standstill tolerance field. The standstill monitoring function is always active following expiration of the zero speed delay time or upon reaching the fine exact stop limit as long as no new traversing command is pending. When the monitor responds, an alarm is generated and the relevant axis/spindle brought to standstill with rapid stop via a speed setpoint ramp. Standstill monitoring is effective for linear and rotary axes as well as for position-controlled spindles. Standstill monitoring is inactive in follow-up mode. Subprogram levels and interrupt routinesSubprograms can be called not only in the main program, but also in other subprograms. Subprograms can be nested to a maximum depth of 12 levels, including the main program level. That means that a main program may contain as many as 11 nested subprogram calls. When working with Siemens cycles, 3 levels are required. If such a cycle is to be called from a subprogram, the call can be nested at a depth of no more than 9. Programs can also be called on the basis of events following resetting of the part program start or end, or following booting of the control. Users can then make the basic function settings or carry out initializations using a part program command. A system variable can be used to scan the event, which activated the associated program. Synchronized actions> Cross-mode actions Even in its basic configuration, SINUMERIK allows up to 24 actions to be initiated synchronous to the axis and spindle movements. These actions run in parallel with workpiece machining, and their initiation times can be determined on the basis of conditions. The starting of such motion-synchronized actions (or synchronized actions for short) is, therefore, not restricted to CNC block boundaries. Synchronized actions are always executed in the IPO cycle. Several actions can be carried out in the same IPO cycle. Synchronized actions without validity identifier are non-modal only in AUTOMATIC mode. Synchronized actions with validity identifier ID are modal in the subsequently programmed blocks in AUTOMATIC mode. Statically effective synchronized actions with the identifier IDS remain active in all modes (see "Cross-mode actions"). With these synchronized actions, we are offering an excellent programming tool to allow very quick responses to events in the IPO cycle. Here are some typical applications:
Functional restrictions for export versions: Synchronized actions stage 2 (option M36)More than 24 synchronized actions can be active in the CNC block. As many as 255 parallel actions can be programmed in each channel. Technology cycles can be combined into programs using Synchronized actions stage 2, making it possible, for example, to start axis programs in the same IPO cycle by scanning digital inputs. Functional restrictions for export versions: Synchronous spindles/multi-edge turning COUP (option M14)
Examples for synchronous spindles/multi-edge turning True-to-angle synchronization of one leading and one or more following spindles enables on-the-fly workpiece transfer, particularly for turning machines, from spindle 1 to spindle 2, for example for the purpose of finishing, without experiencing the non-productive times normally associated with rechucking. In addition to the speed synchronism, the relative angular position of the spindles to one another, e.g. on-the-fly, position-oriented transfer of edged workpieces, is also specifiable. On-the-fly transfer:
Finally, specification of an integer speed ratio between the main spindle and a tool spindle provides the prerequisites for multi-edge machining (polygon turning). Multi-edge turning: n 2 = T · n1 Configuring and selection take place either via the CNC program or operator panel. Several pairs of synchronous spindles can be implemented. Tangential control (option M06)
Representation of a rotatable tool axis and die during punching/nibbling Tangential control makes it possible to correct a rotary axis in the direction of the tangents of two path axes. The two guide axes and the corrected axis lie in the same channel. Applications:
Tangential control is effective in all interpolation modes. On punching and nibbling machines with a rotatable punching tool and associated lower tool, the following functions may be used to ensure universality of the tool:
Tapping with compensating chuck/rigid tapping> Spindle functions Technology cycles
Example: Swiveling to any surface 
Example: Milling the circular pocket For frequently repeated machining tasks, technology cycles are available for the drilling/milling and turning technologies. Technology cycles are generally applicable technology subprograms, with which specific machining processes can be implemented, such as tapping a thread or milling a pocket. The cycles are adapted to a concrete machining task by means of parameters. The parameterization can also be implemented using graphically supported input screens.
Temperature compensationHeat causes machine parts to expand. This expansion depends, among other things, on the temperature and on the thermal conductivity of the machine parts. The actual positions of the individual axes, which change on the basis of variations in temperature, have a negative effect on the precision with which workpieces are machined. These actual value modifications can be corrected using temperature compensation. At a specific temperature, measure the actual-value offset over the positioning range of the axis to obtain the error curve for this temperature value. Error curves for different temperatures can be defined for each axis. In order to ensure proper compensation of thermal expansion at all times, the temperature compensation value, reference position and linear angle of lead parameters must be transferred from the PLC to the CNC via function blocks each time the temperature changes. Abrupt changes in these parameters are automatically smoothed by the control in order to prevent machine overload and avoid triggering watchdog monitors unnecessarily. Thread cutting> Spindle functions Tool carrier with orientation capability
Kinematics type T 
Kinematics type M 
Kinematics type P For machine tools, which have tool carriers with settable tool orientation, the user of a SINUMERIK control can freely configure these kinematics without using 5-axis transformation. The "tool carrier with orientation capability" function enables 2?D/3D machining with fixed spatial orientation of the tool/workpiece table. Vectors l1 to l4 represent the geometrical dimensions of the machine. The rotary axes need not move in parallel to the Cartesian axes, but instead can be inclined at any angle (e.g. cardan milling head with 45° inclination). The angles ?1 and ?2 can be either specified or computed from the active frame and assigned to the tool carrier with orientation capability or to the workpiece table. The following kinematics can be configured flexibly:
Tool change via T numberIn chain, rotary-plate and box magazines, a tool change normally takes place in 2 stages: A T command locates the tool in the magazine, and an M command inserts it in the spindle. In circular magazines on turning machines, the T command carries out the entire tool change, that is, locates and inserts the tool. The tool change mode can be set using machine data. Tool identification systemsThe load and unload dialog boxes of the Siemens tool management system offer a link to an automatic tool identification system. This allows you to replace manual input of the tool data with automatic reading and writing of the tool code carrier. During unloading, the data block for the tool is saved; during loading, it is read via the code carrier and entered in the tool management. In the interim, the tool data can be re-edited as during tool selection from the tool catalog (offset data, etc.). Using an editable description file containing precisely defined tool and cutting data, the code carrier data are converted during loading into dialog data, which can be read by the tool management. During unloading, the dialog data are converted back into code carrier data with the aid, once again, of the description file. Tool management (option M50)Tool management ensures that the correct tool is in the correct location on the machine at any given time and that the data assigned to the tool are up to date. Tool management is used on machine tools with circular magazines, chain magazines or box magazines. It also allows fast tool changes and avoids both scrap by monitoring the tool service life and machine downtimes by using spare tools. The most important functions of tool management are:
Missing tools can be loaded based on a decision made by the operator. Tools with similar wear characteristics can be combined into wear groups. Tool management also takes tool length compensations for adapters that are permanently mounted at certain magazine locations and fitted with different tools into account. Tool management with more than 3 magazines (option M88)In the basic version of the SINUMERIK 840D sl, 3 magazines (magazine, spindle, tool buffer) are included. With option M88, the number of magazines can be increased. Tool offsets
Tool offsets By programming a T function (5-figure integer number) in the block, you can select the tool. Every T number can be assigned up to 12 cutting edges (D addresses). The number of tools to be managed in the control is set at the configuration stage. A tool offset block comprises 25 parameters, e.g.:
The wear and the tool base dimension are added to the corresponding offset. When writing the program, you need not take tool dimensions such as cutter diameter, cutter position or tool length into account. You program the workpiece dimensions directly, following the production drawing, for example. When a workpiece is produced, the tool paths, depending on the relevant tool geometry, are controlled so that the programmed contour can be produced with every tool used. You enter the tool data separately in the control's tool table, and in the program you call only the required tool with its offset data. During program execution, the control fetches the required offset data from the tool files and corrects the tool path for various tools automatically. Tool offset D can be programmed with reference to tool number T (when the Siemens tool management is active, e.g. with monitoring functions and management of sister tools) or without internal references to existing tools. You can define as many as 32,000 D values per control. D numbers can be freely assigned, checked, renamed, ascertained with the associated T number, invalidated, and activated on a site-dependent basis during programming. Tool offsets, grinding-specific> Grinding wheel surface speed Grinding-specific tool offsets are available (minimum wheel radius, maximum speed, maximum surface speed, etc.) for grinding technology. When a cutting edge is created for grinding tools (tool type 400 to 499), these are stored automatically for the tool in question. Tool types are: 400: Surface grinding wheel 401: Surface grinding wheel with monitoring 403: Surface grinding wheel with monitoring and without tool base dimensions for grinding wheel surface speed 410: Facing wheel 411: Facing wheel with monitoring 413: Facing wheel with monitoring and without tool base dimensions for grinding wheel surface speed 490 to 499: Dresser The TMON command activates geometry and speed monitoring for grinding tools (type 400 to 499) in the CNC part program. Monitoring remains active until deactivated in the part program with TMOF. The current wheel radius and the current wheel width are monitored. The speed setpoint is monitored against the speed limitation cyclically, taking into consideration the spindle override. The speed limit value is the smaller of the values resulting from comparison of the maximum speed with the speed computed from the maximum grinding wheel surface speed and the current wheel radius. Tool orientation interpolation> Transformation, generic Interpolations of tool orientations supplement generic transformation: The tool orientation can be programmed in a plane as large circle interpolation (ORIPLAN program command), on the outside surface of a taper in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction (ORICONCW/ORICONCCW), or even with free definition of the tool curve orientation (ORICURVE). Tool radius compensation
KONT for behind the contour 
Bypassing the outside corners with transition circle/transition ellipse When tool radius compensation is enabled, the control automatically computes the equidistant tool paths for different tools. To do so, it requires the tool number T, the tool offset number D (with cutting edge number), the machining direction G41/G42, and the relevant working plane G17 to G19. The path is corrected in the programmed level depending on the selected tool radius. You can match the approach and retract paths to the required contour profile or rough-part forms, for example:
In the part program it is also possible to select the strategy with which the outside corners of the contour are to be bypassed:
Various strategies are available for soft approach to/retraction from the contour, i.e. tangential approach and retraction irrespective of the position of the starting point: Approach and retract from left or right, on a straight line, on a quadrant or semicircle, in space or in the plane. The control can also automatically insert a circle or a straight line in the block with the tool radius compensation when no intersection with the previous block is possible. The offset process of tool radius compensation may be interrupted only by a certain number of successive blocks or M commands containing no motion commands or positional data in the compensating plane. This number of successive blocks (or M commands) can be set using machine data (standard 3, max. 5). 3D tool radius compensation (option M48)Inclined surfaces can be machined with 3D tool radius compensation or tool offset in space. This function supports circumferential milling and face milling with a defined path. The inclined tool clamping position on the machine can be entered and compensated. The control computes the resulting positions and movement automatically. The radius of a cylindrical milling cutter at the tool insertion point is included in the calculation. The insertion depth of a cylindrical milling cutter can be programmed. The milling cutter can be turned not only in the X, Y and Z planes, but also by the lead or hitch angle and the side angle. Tool types
Geometry of turning tool 
Geometry of slotting saw The tool type determines the geometry specifications required for the tool offset memory, and how they are to be used. Entries are made for the relevant tool type in tool parameter DP. The control combines these individual components to produce a result variable (e.g. total length, total radius). The relevant overall dimension goes into effect when the offset memory is activated. The use of these values in the axes is determined by the tool type and current machining plane G17, G18 or G19. The following tool types can be parameterized: Group 1xy: milling cutters (from spherical head cutter to bevel cutter) Group 2xy: drills (from twist drill to reamer) Group 4xy: grinding tools (from surface grinding wheel to dresser) Group 5xy: turning tools (from roughing tool to threading tool) Group 700: slotting saw The saving of all tool offsets is supported by input screens. For wood technology, the slotting saw tool is available as a tool type. Transformation DOUBLETRANSMIT, 2TRA (option M25)The function supports machining on the end face or peripheral surface with a driven tool that is always held vertically with respect to the contour by means of an appropriate swivel movement and balancing movement in X. 
Transformation, doubletransmit Transformation, genericGeneric transformation is used to define any tool orientation in space with the initial state of the axes, and not just according to the Z direction. It can then be used much more flexibly and universally. It is then also possible to control machine kinematics by the CNC where the orientation of the rotary axes is not exactly parallel to the linear axes. Generic 5-axis transformation has been extended to 3-axis and/or 4-axis transformation, i.e. it can also be used for machines with only one rotary axis (rotatable tool or workpiece). Transformation HEXAPOD (option)
HEXAPOD animation Transformation PARACOP (option)
PARACOP animation Transformation TRICEPT (option)
TRICEPT animation HEXAPOD, PARACOP, TRICEPT kinematic transformations and pantograph kinematics are used on parallel-kinematics machines (PKM). Parallel kinematics means that the drive forces engage on the spindle head (Stuart platform) simultaneously (virtually in parallel). With HEXAPOD, the Stuart platform is moved by 6 actuators of variable length. The Stuart platform can be moved to any position within the working area by these 6 actuators, and its inclination in space (orientation) can also be set specifically. This allows workpieces to be machined on 5 axes on these machines. The orientation angle is only limited by the mechanical properties of the cardan or ball joints. PARACOP and TRICEPT machines are TRIPODEN types, whereby the Stuart platform is moved by 3 actuators. Design measures are used to ensure that the Stuart platform cannot move in an undefined manner on these TRIPODEN types. On PARACOP machines, 2 parallel rods run on a slide for each actuator. These machines are suitable for 3-axis machining. On TRICEPT, an additional passive telescope (center tube) is used. On TRICEPT, 2 additional rotary axes are required to define the tool orientation in space. These axes can be arranged like the fork head of a 5-axis machine, for example, thus allowing the machine to carry out 5-axis machining. The transformation Pantograph kinematics is a type of 2/4-axis transformation with parallel kinematics. It can work with fixed-length rods or variable-length rods. When using kinematic transformations, workpieces can be programmed in Cartesian coordinates as usual. The SINUMERIK control calculates the required movements of the machine axes online. Therefore, the programmer can create part programs in the same way as on a conventional machine, and does not have to take the special kinematics of the machine into account. Transformation package Handling RCTRA (option M31)
Transformation package Handling The transformation package Handling contains the so-called standard transformation block, with whose help typical 2-axis to 5-axis handling devices such as gantries or SCARAs can be operated. This coordinate transformation package converts the axis-specific actual values for the axes (e.g. A1 to A4) into Cartesian values (e.g. X, Y, Z, A) and the programmed Cartesian setpoints back into axis-specific values for the handling devices. Thanks to this coordinate transformation, the movements of the handling device become simpler and more user-friendly. The handling device can be set up, that is, manually traversed not only in the axis-specific coordinate system, but also in the handling device's own Cartesian coordinate system, using, for example, the jog keys on the handheld programming unit. Adaptation of the respective kinematics is carried out via machine data. A 6-axis transformation for defined applications is also available (please consult your local Siemens sales office). Functional restrictions for export versions: Transformation Pantograph kinematic SCIS (option M51)The transformation Pantograph kinematics is a type of 2/4-axis transformation with parallel kinematics. It can work with fixed-length rods or variable-length rods. When using kinematic transformations, workpieces can be programmed in Cartesian coordinates as usual. The SINUMERIK control calculates the required movements of the machine axes online. Therefore, the programmer can create part programs in the same way as on a conventional machine, and does not have to take the special kinematics of the machine into account. Transformation TRIPOD HYBRID (option)The TRIPOD HYBRID transformation is a 5-axis transformation for 3 parallel linear axes and 2 rotary axes. The tool movements are programmed complete with their orientation in the same manner as the Cartesian 5-axis machine. The real-time transformation calculates the necessary paths and speeds for the real machine axes. 
Parallel kinematic type Exechon TRANSMIT/cylinder surface transformation (option M27)
Face machining with TRANSMIT 
Tool-center-point path through the pole TRANSMIT is used for milling outside contours on turned parts, e.g. square parts (linear axis with rotary axis). As a result, programs become much more simple and complete machining increases machine efficiency. Turning and milling can be performed on one machine without rechucking. 3D interpolation with 2 linear axes and one rotary axis is possible. The two linear axes are mutually perpendicular and the rotary axis lies at right angles to one of the linear axes. TRANSMIT can be called up in different channels simultaneously. The function can be selected and deselected with a preparatory function (straight line, helix, polynomial and activating tool radius compensation) in the part program or MDI. With TRANSMIT, the area of the transformation pole is reached when the tool center can be positioned at least to the turning center of the rotary axis entering the transformation. TRANSMIT through the pole is implemented in different ways:
Cylinder surface transformation is used on turning machines and milling machines, and enables cylinder surface transformation, e.g. for turned parts. The TRACYL cylinder surface transformation can be used to manufacture grooves of any shape on the surface of cylindrical bodies with or without groove side offset. The shape of the grooves is programmed in reference to the plane cylinder surface processed. Travel to fixed stopWith this function, tailstocks or sleeves, for example, can be traversed to a fixed stop in order to clamp workpieces. The pressure applied can be defined in the part program. Several axes can be traversed to a fixed stop simultaneously and while other axes are traversing. Travel to fixed stop with Force Control (option M01)The "extended travel to fixed stop" function can be used to adapt torque or force on a modal or non-modal basis; travel with limited torque/limited force (force control, FOC) can be initiated, or synchronized actions can be used at any time to program traversing functions. Traversing rangeThe range of values for the traversing ranges depends on the selected computational resolution. When the default value is specified in the machine data field "Computational resolution for linear or angular position" (1,000 increments per mm or degree), the ranges of values specified in the table can be programmed with this resolution:
If the computational resolution is increased/decreased by a factor of 10, then the value ranges change accordingly. The traversing range can be restricted by software limit switches and working areas. Universal interpolator NURBSInternal motion control and path interpolation are performed using NURBS (non-uniform rational B splines). This provides a uniform method for all internal interpolations that can also be used for future complex interpolation tasks. The following input formats are available irrespective of the internal structure:
User interfaceThe user interface has a clear layout with 8 horizontal and 8 vertical softkeys. The targeted use of Windows-type technology permits simple and user-friendly operation of the machine. The interface is subdivided into 6 operating areas:
In this way, it is possible, for example, to create another part program while parts production is in progress and to transfer data from an external storage unit at the same time. On changing the operating area, the last active menu is always stored. There are 2 hotkeys for switching between operating areas. User interface expansion> SINUMERIK Operate Runtime license OA Easy Screen User machine dataThe NCK makes machine data available for configuring the PLC user program. These user machine data are stored in the NCK-PLC interface during control power-up, prior to PLC power-up. The PLC basic program reads these data from the NCK-PLC interface during its initialization phase. This means that specific machine configurations, machine expansions and user options can be activated. Variables and arithmetic parametersUsing variables in place of constant values permits the development of flexible programs. Variables make it possible to respond to signals, e.g. measured values. If variables are used as a setpoint value, the same program can be used for different geometries. Sorts of variables
Types of variable
VelocityThe maximum path and axis velocity and spindle speed are affected by the machine and drive dynamic response and the limit frequency of actual-value acquisition (encoder limit frequency and limit frequency of the input circuit). The resulting velocity from the programmed path lengths in the CNC block and interpolation cycle (IPO cycle) is always limited to the maximum velocity or, in the case of short path lengths, reduced to the velocity that can be travelled during one IPO cycle. The minimum velocity must not go below 10-3 units/IPO cycle. The minimum and maximum axis velocities are dependent on the selected computational resolution. The maximum velocity of the axis is generally limited by the mechanics or by the limit frequency of the encoder or actual-value acquisition. The velocity value range is not limited by the CNC (max. 300 m/s). Vibration extinction VIBX (option N11)The function is implemented as a loadable compile cycle and supports the axis-specific damping of machine vibrations. Up to 8 axes can be parameterized in the CNC, each with 2 machine data for the filter frequency and the required damping factor. The function can significantly reduce disturbing oscillations that follow positioning actions. Work offsets> Frame concept 
Coordinate system According to DIN 66217, clockwise, rectangular (Cartesian) coordinate systems are used in machine tools. The following coordinate systems are defined:
Work offsets are therefore used to transform the machine zero point into the workpiece zero point in order to simplify programming.
Working area limitation> Work offsets Working area limitations describe the area in which machining is permitted. These limitations refer to the basic coordinate system BCS. Checks are made to see whether the tool tip has penetrated the protected working area (also taking into account the tool radius). One value pair (plus/minus) per axis may be used to describe the protected working area. The upper and lower working area limits, which can be set and activated via setting data, may be modified using the G25/G26 commands. Working area limitations restrict the traversing range of the axes in addition to the limit switches. Protective zones in which tool movements are suspended and which protect equipment such as tool turrets, measuring stations, etc., against damage, are thus set up in the machine's working area. Working plane> Tool radius compensation When specifying the working plane in which the desired contour is to be machined, the following functions are defined at the same time:
When calling the tool path correction G41/G42, the working plane must be defined so that the control can correct the tool length and radius. In the basic setting, the working plane G17 (X/Y) is preset for drilling/milling, and G18 (Z/X) for turning.
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